'China's Infrastructure Expansion in Disputed Kashmir Raises Security Concerns
Satellite imagery has revealed China's construction of a concrete road in Shaksgam Valley, a section of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) ceded to China in 1963. The road, an extension of Highway G219 in China's Xinjiang, enters the disputed region through Aghil Pass, which historically marked the frontier between Kashmir and Tibet. It extends approximately 50 kilometers north of India's northernmost point in the Siachen Glacier, known as the world's highest battlefield.
Implications for India's Sovereignty
Indian defense experts view the road construction as a violation of India's sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Trans-Karakoram Tract, where the road is located, is part of Kashmir and claimed by India. Despite Pakistan's occupation and subsequent transfer to China, India has not recognized the boundary agreement that legitimized this cession.
Military Maneuvers and Economic Interests
Concerns have also been raised that the road could facilitate military maneuvers by Pakistan and Chinese forces. The potential for increased military cooperation in the region is further heightened by Pakistan's plans to build a connecting road to Mustagh Pass, which borders Shaksgam Valley.
However, some observers believe that the Chinese roads may primarily serve economic purposes, such as transporting minerals from Gilgit Baltistan to Xinjiang. India's concerns, however, extend to the potential use of these roads for military operations.
Historical Significance of Aghil Pass
Aghil Pass has historically served as a boundary between Kashmir and Tibet, a fact acknowledged by Chinese rulers in the past. During border negotiations with China prior to the 1962 war, India presented evidence of this boundary, including Chinese maps from the early 20th century that depicted the area as part of India.
Government's Position
India's government has consistently maintained its commitment to regaining all areas of PoK, including Shaksgam Valley. Home Minister Amit Shah has declared that PoK and Aksai Chin are integral parts of Jammu and Kashmir.
Bilateral Understanding
Despite China's de facto control over the area, its occupation lacks political legitimacy. The 1963 Boundary Agreement between China and Pakistan grants China only temporary control, with the understanding that the future status of the area will be determined upon the resolution of the Kashmir dispute.
India's Diplomatic Protests
India has previously lodged diplomatic protests with Beijing over China's construction of infrastructure in Shaksgam Valley and the inclusion of Aksai Chin plateau in its official territory. India has also protested China's planned investment in the China-Pakistan economic corridor.'